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A European Article Number (EAN) is a barcode standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC) system developed in North America. The EAN-13 barcode is defined by the standards organisation GS1. It is also called a Japanese Article Number (JAN) in Japan. UPC, EAN, and JAN numbers are collectively called Global Trade Item Numbers (GTIN), though they can be expressed in different kinds of barcodes.

The EAN-13 barcodes are used worldwide for marking retail goods. The less commonly used EAN-8 barcodes are used also for marking retail goods; however, they are usually reserved for smaller items, for example confectionery. In EAN-13 the symbol encodes 13 numerals divided into four parts:

• System code, the first two or three digits, usually identifying the country in which the manufacturer is registered (not necessarily where the product is actually made). When the EAN-13 barcode is a conversion of an ISBN or ISSN code, the system code will be 978 or 979 for ISBNs (Bookland (imaginary place)), or 977 for ISSNs.

• Manufacturer code, consisting of four or five digits depending on the length of the system or country code.

• Product code, consisting of five digits.

• Check digit, a single checksum digit. The check digit is computed modulo 10, where the weights in the checksum calculation alternate 1 and 3. In particular, since the weights are relatively prime to 10 the EAN system will detect all single digit errors. But since the difference of consecutive weights is even, the EAN system does not detect all adjacent transposition errors.

2-digit and 5-digit supplemental barcodes may be added for a total of 14 or 17 data digits.

Country codes The first three digits of the barcode of any product represents the country. Note that EAN codes beginning with 0 are rarely used, as this is just an addition to 12-digit UPC. Since most scanners and registers worldwide can read both equally, most manufacturers in North America still only use UPC.

Encoding To encode an EAN-13 barcode, the digits are first split into 3 groups, the first digit, the first group of 6 and the last group of 6. The first group of six is encoded using a scheme whereby each digit has two possible encodings, one of which has even parity and one of which has odd parity. The first digit is encoded by selecting a pattern of choices between these two encodings. All digits in the last group of six digits are encoded using a single set of patterns which are the same patterns used for UPC.

If the first digit is zero, all digits in the first group of six are encoded using the patterns used for UPC, hence a UPC barcode is also an EAN-13 barcode with the first digit set to zero.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"|+Structure of EAN-13|-! First digit !! First group of 6 digits !! Last group of 6 digits|-| 0 || LLLLLL || RRRRRR|-| 1 || LLGLGG || RRRRRR|-| 2 || LLGGLG || RRRRRR|-| 3 || LLGGGL || RRRRRR|-| 4 || LGLLGG || RRRRRR|-| 5 || LGGLLG || RRRRRR|-| 6 || LGGGLL || RRRRRR|-| 7 || LGLGLG || RRRRRR|-| 8 || LGLGGL || RRRRRR|-| 9 || LGGLGL || RRRRRR|}{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"|+Encoding of the digits|-! Digit !! L-code !! G-code !! R-code|-| 0 || 0001101 || 0100111 || 1110010|-| 1 || 0011001 || 0110011 || 1100110|-| 2 || 0010011 || 0011011 || 1101100|-| 3 || 0111101 || 0100001 || 1000010|-| 4 || 0100011 || 0011101 || 1011100|-| 5 || 0110001 || 0111001 || 1001110|-| 6 || 0101111 || 0000101 || 1010000|-| 7 || 0111011 || 0010001 || 1000100|-| 8 || 0110111 || 0001001 || 1001000|-| 9 || 0001011 || 0010111 || 1110100|}

Note: Entries in the R-column are bitwise complements of the respective entries in the L-column. Entries is the G-column are the entries in the R-column reversed.

See also

• Electronic Data Interchange
• Global Electronic Party Information Register (GEPIR) a searchable distributed database of GS1 codes
• GTIN
• EAN 8, another form of EAN barcode
• BaToo - Open Source EAN13 Barcode Recognition Toolkit

European Article Number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A European Article Number (EAN) is a barcoding standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC) system developed in North America.

European Article Number - Wikipedia
EAN (E uropean A rticle N umber) è un formato di codice a barre, estensione dell' UPC (Universal Product Code), usato in Europa e in Giappone (dove però viene chiamato JAN ...

European Article Number(ing) - What does EAN stand for? Acronyms and ...
Acronym Definition; EAN: Earth Action Network: EAN: École d'Archtecture de Nancy (Nancy, France) EAN: Education Access Network (Seattle, Washington) EAN: Education America Network

European Article Numbering - What does EAN stand for? Acronyms and ...
Acronym Definition; EAN: Earth Action Network: EAN: École d'Archtecture de Nancy (Nancy, France) EAN: Education Access Network (Seattle, Washington) EAN: Education America Network

European Article Number - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
European Article Number es un sistema de códigos de barras adoptado por más de 100 países y cerca de un millón de empresas (2003). En el año 2005, la asociación EAN se ha ...

European Article Number - Wikipedia
Die EAN steht für International Article Number (früher European Article Number) und ist eine Produktkennzeichnung für Handelsartikel. Die EAN ist eine Zahl, bestehend aus 13 ...

EAN - European Article Number
EAN (European Article Number) ... EAN is a acronym that can contains many meanings which are listed below.

European Article Number - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
From the Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can change

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